Peb cov nqi yuav zoo thiab sib tw vim peb muaj peev xwm tsim khoom tau zoo, txawm tias cov nqi yuav hloov pauv nyob ntawm kev muab khoom thiab lwm yam kev ua lag luam. Peb yuav xa daim ntawv teev nqi tshiab rau koj tom qab koj lub tuam txhab tiv tauj peb kom paub ntxiv.
Tseeb tiag tsis yog. peb yuav hais nqe raws li koj qhov ntau. Koj xaj ntau npaum li cas, koj yuav tau txais tus nqi zoo dua. Thiab yog tias koj xav tau cov qauv dawb, thov hu rau peb ntawm email.
Tau kawg, yog. Peb tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam rau koj, xws li Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Kev Tshawb Fawb / Kev Ua Raws Cai; Kev Pov Hwm; Keeb Kwm, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv xa tawm.
Raws li koj qhov ntau thiab cov qauv kom ntxaws, peb yuav muab sijhawm tsim nyog rau koj. Ib yam li niaj zaus, rau cov qauv, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog li 7 hnub. Rau kev tsim khoom loj, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 20-30 hnub tom qab tau txais cov nyiaj tso cia. Qhia rau peb paub yog tias koj muaj kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Koj tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau peb tus account hauv txhab nyiaj, Western Union lossis PayPal:
30% tso nyiaj ua ntej, 70% tshuav nyiaj li cas tiv thaiv daim ntawv theej ntawm B / L.
Peb lav peb cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Peb txoj kev cog lus yog rau koj qhov kev txaus siab rau peb cov khoom. Txawm tias muaj kev lav lossis tsis muaj, nws yog kab lis kev cai ntawm peb lub tuam txhab los daws thiab daws txhua yam teeb meem ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kom txhua tus neeg txaus siab.
Yog, peb ib txwm siv cov ntim khoom zoo rau kev xa tawm. Peb kuj siv cov ntim khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom txaus ntshai thiab cov neeg xa khoom txias uas tau lees paub rau cov khoom rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias. Cov ntim khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev cai ntim khoom tsis yog tus qauv yuav raug nqi ntxiv.
Tus nqi xa khoom nyob ntawm seb koj xaiv txoj kev twg kom tau txais cov khoom. Feem ntau, kev xa khoom sai yog txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws tab sis kuj kim tshaj plaws. Kev xa khoom los ntawm hiav txwv yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom loj. Cov nqi thauj khoom peb tsuas yog muab tau rau koj yog tias peb paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas, qhov hnyav thiab txoj kev. Thov hu rau peb kom paub ntxiv.
Qhov tseeb, qhov sib txawv ntawm OM3 vs OM4 fiber tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov fiber optical cable. Qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsim kho txhais tau tias OM4 cable muaj attenuation zoo dua thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm bandwidth siab dua OM3. Vim li cas qhov no yog? Rau qhov txuas fiber ua haujlwm, lub teeb los ntawm VCSEL transceiver muaj zog txaus kom ncav cuag tus txais ntawm qhov kawg. Muaj ob qho txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov no - optical attenuation thiab modal dispersion.
Kev txo qis yog qhov txo qis lub zog ntawm lub teeb liab thaum nws xa mus (dB). Kev txo qis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob hauv lub teeb los ntawm cov khoom siv passive, xws li cov cables, cable splices, thiab connectors. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no cov connectors yog tib yam yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo hauv OM3 vs OM4 yog nyob rau hauv qhov poob (dB) hauv cable. OM4 fiber ua rau qhov poob qis dua vim nws txoj kev tsim kho. Qhov siab tshaj plaws attenuation tso cai los ntawm cov qauv tau qhia hauv qab no. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias siv OM4 yuav muab rau koj qhov poob qis dua ib 'meter' ntawm cable. Qhov poob qis dua txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem muaj cov txuas ntev dua lossis muaj ntau cov connectors mated hauv qhov txuas.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws attenuation tso cai ntawm 850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km
Lub teeb raug xa mus rau ntau hom sib txawv raws li cov fiber. Vim yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov fiber, cov hom no tuaj txog raws li lub sijhawm sib txawv me ntsis. Thaum qhov sib txawv no nce ntxiv koj thaum kawg mus txog qhov chaw uas cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus tsis tuaj yeem decoded. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj plaws hom no hu ua modal dispersion. Qhov modal dispersion txiav txim siab qhov modal bandwidth uas cov fiber tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm thiab qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm OM3 thiab OM4. Qhov qis dua qhov modal dispersion, qhov siab dua qhov modal bandwidth thiab qhov ntau dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem xa mus. Qhov modal bandwidth ntawm OM3 thiab OM4 tau qhia hauv qab no. Qhov bandwidth siab dua muaj nyob rau hauv OM4 txhais tau tias qhov modal dispersion me dua thiab yog li tso cai rau cov cable txuas ntev dua lossis tso cai rau kev poob siab dua los ntawm ntau tus txuas mated. Qhov no muab ntau txoj kev xaiv thaum saib ntawm kev tsim network.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Fiber Cable Bandwidth ntawm 850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km
Koj tuaj yeem ceeb toom rau peb ua ntej txog tej yam ib puag ncig uas cov khoom yuav raug siv, nrog rau kev qhia meej txog cov ntsiab lus xws li av noo, kub, thiab cov yam ntxwv geological. Peb tuaj yeem muab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke cable/fiber thiab tus nqi kom tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Cov kev xaiv khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb kuj muaj.
Ib lub fiber cable muaj cov hauv qab no:
Core**: Ultra-pure iav/silica (8-62.5µm txoj kab uas hla) rau kev xa lub teeb.
Cladding**: Txheej sab nraud nrog qhov ntsuas qis dua kom khaws lub teeb.
Txheej Txheej**: Txheej acrylate tiv thaiv (250µm).
Cov tswv cuab muaj zog**: Cov xov Aramid/fiberglass rods.
Lub tsho sab nraud**: PE/PVC/LSZH cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
| **Cov Khoom Siv** | **Ib Hom (SMF)** | **Ntau Hom (MMF)** |
|---------------------|---------------------|---------------------|
| Qhov Loj ntawm Cov Cuab Yeej | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
| Qhov Deb | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Bandwidth | Tsis txwv (raws li kev xav) | Txwv los ntawm kev faib tawm modal |
| Tus nqi | Siab dua (cov chaw laser) | Qis dua (LED/VCSEL) |
| **Cov Ntaub Ntawv Siv** | Telecom/5G backhaul | Cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv/Chaw Kawm Ntawv |
Cov thev naus laus zis SDM suav nrog:
Cov fiber ntau lub hauv paus (MCF)**: 7-19 cores/fiber, qhia tau tias muaj kev sib kis 1Pbps.
Cov fibers ob peb hom (FMF)**: Ntau txoj kev teeb rau ib lub core.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj*: Txo qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm cov kav dej; NTT tau xa MCF hauv Tokyo metro.
Cov fibers no:
- Coj lub teeb hla huab cua (tsis yog iav), txo qhov latency los ntawm 31% (1.46μs/km vs. 2.13μs/km).
- Cov ntawv thov rau: HFT (kev lag luam ntau zaus), quantum networks.
*Kev Sib Tw*: Kev txo qis siab (~3dB/km) piv rau SMF's 0.17dB/km.
A: Peb qhov chaw tsom mus rau:
1. Fronthaul**: Siv cov fibers G.654.E (kev poob qis, thaj chaw loj) rau >400G wavelengths.
2. Cov cell me me**: Cov xov hlau me me (≤6mm txoj kab uas hla) rau kev xa mus rau hauv nroog loj.
3. Kev koom ua ke SDN**: Ua kom yooj yim rau kev faib cov peev txheej fiber ntau ntawm OpenROADM.
A: Cov txiaj ntsig muaj xws li:
- Txo nqi 30% los ntawm kev tsim qauv uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg muag khoom (piv txwv li, Vodafone's Open Fiber Initiative).
- Kev hloov kho sai dua (cov modules fiber plug-and-play).
A:** Kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb:
OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)**: Ntsuas qhov poob/kev tawg ntawm cov kab sib txuas.
Kev Ntsuas Kev Poob Ntxig**: Kev txheeb xyuas qhov poob dB txij thaum pib mus txog thaum kawg.
Kev Ntsuas Kev Tawg Chromatic**: Tseem ceeb rau >100G coherent systems.
1. **Kauj Ruam 1**: Nrhiav qhov txhaum hauv 3m siv OTDR uas muaj kev daws teeb meem siab.
2. **Kauj Ruam 2**: Siv cov robotic fiber crawlers rau kev kho hauv av.
3. **Kauj Ruam 3**: Siv cov fusion splicers nrog ≤0.02dB splice poob.
Cov hom tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
-Ib hom fiber (SMF):** Tsim los rau kev sib kis mus deb, muaj bandwidth siab (piv txwv li, 1310/1550nm wavelengths).
-Multimode fiber (MMF):** Siv rau qhov luv dua (piv txwv li, OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 rau 850/1300nm).
Cov xov hlau sab hauv tsev/sab nraum zoov:** Cov qauv hlau uas muaj hlau tiv thaiv, tsis muaj hlau tiv thaiv, ribbon, lossis cov qauv hlau xoob.
-cov cables tshwj xeeb:** FTTH (Drop cables), cov cables submarine, cov cables aerial, thiab lwm yam.
xav txog:
- **Qhov Deb:** SMF rau >1km; MMF rau ≤500m (txawv raws li tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv).
- **Tus nqi:** Cov MMF transceivers pheej yig dua tab sis SMF muab kev tiv thaiv yav tom ntej.
- **Daim Ntawv Thov:** SMF rau kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj/kev mus ntev; MMF rau cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv/LANs.
Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb:
- Tsis txhob siv zog rub tshaj **qhov siab** (piv txwv li, ≤150N rau SMF).
- Tswj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus **qhov nkhaus vojvoog** (piv txwv li, 20mm rau cov hlua khi).
- Siv cov **splicing/connectors** (LC/SC/MPO) kom raug thiab cov ferrule kawg huv si.
- Sim nrog **OTDR/power meters** tom qab kev teeb tsa.
Feem ntau **20–25 xyoo**, tab sis nyob ntawm:
- Tej yam ib puag ncig (dej noo, raug UV).
- Kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev (kev khoov, kev co).
- Kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov kho tshiab ua ntej EOL.